- В целях исполнения поручений Росреестра от 24.04.2017 № 18-00423/17, от 03.05.2017 № 18-00479/17, от 23.06.2017 № 18-00706/17, от 19.12.2017 № 19-15010-ВС/17, а также в рамках реализации мероприятий по сокращению числа решений о приостановлении (отказе) в совершении учетно-регистрационных действий, принимаемых по причине наличия замечаний к документам, подготовленным кадастровыми инженерами, Управление Росреестра по Курганской области по итогам работы в 4-м квартале 2017 года подготовило совместно с филиалом ФГБУ «ФКП Росреестра» по Курганской области:
1. Перечень типовых ошибок кадастровых инженеров, выявленных в ходе анализа принятых решений о приостановлении (отказе) в государственном кадастровом учете за 4 кв. 2017 г.;
2. Перечень типовых ошибок кадастровых инженеров, сформированный Росреестром;
3. Перечень ошибок кадастрового инженера, являющегося членом Ассоциации СРО «ОПКД», за 4 кв. 2017 г.;
4. Общий рейтинг кадастровых инженеров, сформированный по показателям «доля принятых решений о приостановлении в государственном кадастровом учете от объема поданных кадастровым инженером документов» и «доля принятых решений об отказе в государственном кадастровом учете от объема поданных кадастровым инженером документов».
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Sermorelin, ipamorelin, CJC-1295 and other growth hormone secretagogues are a group of synthetic peptides that stimulate the pituitary gland
to release natural human growth hormone (GH).
They have become popular among athletes, bodybuilders,
anti-aging enthusiasts and researchers because they can mimic the physiological
pulsatile secretion of GH without the side effects associated
with direct GH injections. In this discussion we will examine how ipamorelin compares with tesamorelin,
sermorelin and CJC-1295, explore ipamorelin’s unique ability to fine-tune GH pulses, and look at GHRP-6,
a dual-action secretagogue that also influences prolactin release.
Ipamorelin vs Tesamorelin, Sermorelin, CJC-1295
& More
All of these peptides bind to the growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) receptor or the ghrelin receptor,
but they differ in potency, duration of action and side-effect profile.
Tesamorelin is a recombinant analog of GHRH that has a
very high affinity for the pituitary GHRH receptor. It produces
robust GH release and is approved by regulatory agencies for treating HIV-associated lipodystrophy.
Because it mimics GHRH, tesamorelin’s action is largely dependent on the
natural circadian rhythm; its peak effect occurs roughly 30 minutes after injection and lasts for about an hour.
The downside of tesamorelin is that it can also stimulate prolactin secretion to a modest degree, leading in some cases
to mild breast tenderness or gynecomastia.
Sermorelin is a synthetic fragment of the natural GHRH peptide (1–29).
It has a shorter half-life than tesamorelin and is typically dosed at 2.5 mg twice
daily for maximum effect. Sermorelin’s advantage lies in its safety profile; it rarely causes
prolactin spikes, making it suitable for long-term use. However, the short half-life means that patients must inject several times a day to maintain steady GH pulses.
CJC-1295 is a synthetic peptide that combines a GHRH analog with a C16 fatty
acid chain (CJC-1295 w/ DAC). The fatty acid attachment extends
its half-life dramatically, allowing once-weekly dosing.
CJC-1295’s potency rivals that of tesamorelin but can produce
more pronounced GH and IGF-1 elevations. Because it is longer
acting, there is a risk of excessive GH exposure if the dose is not carefully titrated,
potentially leading to edema or arthralgia.
Ipamorelin
The key distinguishing feature of ipamorelin is its precision in generating growth hormone pulses that closely
resemble natural secretion patterns. Ipamorelin binds to the ghrelin receptor (GHSR1a) and stimulates GH release by
a different mechanism than GHRH analogs. It does not significantly
affect prolactin levels, which is why it is often described as
«prolactin-neutral.» The peptide has an exceptionally short half-life of about
10 minutes, so it must be injected just dianabol before and after 8 weeks the intended pulse.
This rapid action allows a user to schedule multiple
injections throughout the day or night to mimic the physiological distribution of
GH peaks that occur during sleep and wakefulness.
Because ipamorelin can be administered in very small doses (typically 200–300
micrograms per injection), users experience minimal side effects such as water retention, joint pain or headaches.
The peptide is also well tolerated by people with
insulin resistance or type-2 diabetes because it does not interfere with glucose metabolism to the same extent that direct GH injections can.
GHRP-6: A Dual-Action Secretagogue
GHRP-6 (growth hormone releasing peptide-6) belongs to a
family of hexapeptides that also target the ghrelin receptor.
It is known for its dual action as both a growth hormone secretagogue and a prolactin secretagogue.
GHRP-6 stimulates GH release in a dose-dependent manner, but unlike ipamorelin it also induces a moderate
rise in prolactin levels. This property can be advantageous or disadvantageous
depending on the user’s goals.
For athletes who seek to maximize anabolic effects while avoiding excessive water
retention, GHRP-6 is sometimes combined with a
prolactin blocker such as cabergoline. In anti-aging protocols, the mild prolactin increase from GHRP-6 may help stimulate appetite and improve mood, although it can also cause breast tenderness in sensitive individuals.
Because GHRP-6 has a half-life of roughly 30 minutes,
it is typically injected twice daily. The peptide’s ability to produce both
GH and prolactin makes it versatile but requires
careful monitoring of hormone levels to prevent unwanted side effects
such as gynecomastia or mood swings.
Comparative Summary
• Tesamorelin – potent GHRH analog, long-term use for lipodystrophy, mild prolactin rise.
• Sermorelin – short-acting GHRH fragment,
safe for chronic therapy, requires multiple daily injections.
• CJC-1295 – long-acting GHRH analog with fatty acid chain,
weekly dosing, higher risk of edema if overdosed.
• Ipamorelin – ghrelin receptor agonist, prolactin-neutral, precise GH pulses, minimal side effects.
• GHRP-6 – dual GH and prolactin secretagogue, useful in combination protocols, requires careful prolactin management.
Choosing the right peptide depends on the user’s specific goals, tolerance to prolactin changes,
desired dosing frequency and willingness to monitor hormone levels.
For those who want a highly physiological pattern of GH release with minimal
side effects, ipamorelin is often considered the most precise tool.
If a stronger overall GH push is needed or if a weekly schedule is preferred, CJC-1295 may be chosen despite its higher cost.
Sermorelin remains a reliable option for long-term, low-dose therapy.
Tesamorelin’s regulatory approval gives it an advantage in medical contexts
but less flexibility for performance enhancement.
GHRP-6 offers a hybrid approach that can be tailored with additional medications to balance GH
and prolactin effects.
In conclusion, the landscape of growth hormone secretagogues is diverse, each peptide
offering distinct advantages in terms of potency,
dosing convenience, hormonal side-effect profile and safety.
Understanding these nuances allows practitioners and users alike to design protocols that align with their physiological goals while minimizing risks.